Guide For Outdoor PA System Setups

 

Guide to Setting Up an Outdoor PA System

1. Assess the Event and Venue

Consider:

  • Audience Size: Determines speaker wattage and quantity.

  • Location Size: Open spaces require more sound coverage than indoor venues.

  • Power Availability: Are there nearby outlets or will you need a generator?

  • Weather Conditions: Prepare for wind, rain, or sun exposure.

  • Local Regulations: Some cities require permits or have noise ordinances.

2. Gather Your Equipment

Basic Components:

  • Mixer – to control volume, EQ, and input levels.

  • Speakers – active (powered) or passive (need an amplifier).

  • Amplifier – if using passive speakers.

  • Microphones – wired or wireless, handheld or lapel.

  • Cables – XLR, power cords, speaker cables, extension cords.

  • Speaker Stands – to elevate sound.

  • Power Supply – extension cords, power strips, or generator.

  • Protection – tarps, covers, or tents for rain and sun protection.

3. Choose Speaker Placement

  • Elevate speakers using stands or risers.

  • Place main speakers in front of the microphones to avoid feedback.

  • Angle speakers slightly downward and spread them evenly.

  • For large events, use delay speakers further back, time-aligned with the mains.

4. Set Up the Equipment

Step-by-Step:

  1. Run Power:

    • Set up extension cords and surge protectors.

    • Use outdoor-rated cables and cover all walkways with cable ramps or tape.

  2. Position and Connect Speakers:

    • Active: Plug directly into the mixer.

    • Passive: Connect to the amplifier, then to the mixer.

  3. Set Up the Mixer:

    • Plug in microphones and playback devices (e.g., phone, laptop).

    • Label channels for clarity.

  4. Test Microphones and Sources:

    • Do a sound check with all speakers on.

    • Walk the area to ensure coverage and balance.

  5. EQ and Balance:

    • Use the mixer to reduce bass boom or sharp treble.

    • Prevent feedback by cutting problematic frequencies.

5. Conduct a Sound Check

  • Test each mic and music source.

  • Walk the venue and adjust levels for even coverage.

  • Watch for feedback—keep microphones behind the speakers.

  • Adjust gain staging (input gain, fader levels, master volume).

6. Prepare for Contingencies

  • Rain gear: Tarps, speaker covers, and plastic bags for the mixer.

  • Wind: Use mic windscreens and secure stands with weights or sandbags.

  • Sunlight: Shade the mixer and critical gear to avoid overheating.

7. Safety Tips

  • Keep cables taped down or use cable covers.

  • Don’t overload power circuits.

  • Ensure stands and gear are stable and not in walkways.

  • Use GFCI-protected outlets if near water or on wet ground.

8. After the Event

  • Power down in reverse order (speakers → mixer → source).

  • Coil cables neatly and store gear in dry cases.

  • Inspect for damage before putting away.

Bonus: Suggested Gear List for a Small Outdoor Event (50–100 people)

  • 2x 12" powered speakers (e.g., QSC, Yamaha, EV)

  • 1x 6–8 channel mixer

  • 2x microphones (SM58 or wireless)

  • 2x speaker stands

  • 50–100 ft extension cords

  • Gaffer's tape or cable covers

  • Optional: Subwoofer for music-heavy events